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Toma de Huellas Costa Rica

Huellas dactilares, biometría e identificación

La identificación biométrica se basa en el principio de que cada individuo puede tener un conjunto de datos reconocibles y verificables que son únicos y específicos para ellos. En el caso de las huellas dactilares, según Sir Francis Galton (primo de Charles Darwin), la probabilidad de encontrar dos huellas dactilares similares es de una en 64,000 millones, incluso entre mellizos.

Por supuesto, el uso de las huellas dactilares como medio para identificar y condenar a los delincuentes se remonta mucho más allá del AFIS.

Los sistemas de identificación criminal surgieron originalmente a fines del siglo XIX. Aparecieron con el histórico desarrollo del Sistema Henry de clasificación de huellas dactilares, en el que las huellas dactilares se clasifican por características fisiológicas y antropométricas, también conocidas como sistema Bertillon, por el que las mediciones se obtienen de los sospechosos y se archivan.

En el Reino Unido, la Policía Metropolitana comenzó a usar la biometría para identificación en 1901. En los Estados Unidos, la policía de Nueva York la comenzó a usar en 1902, y la policía francesa comenzó el mismo proceso a fines de 1902.

Para la década de 1920, el FBI había creado su primer Departamento de Identificación, con el que estableció un repositorio central de datos de identificación criminal para las agencias de aplicación de la ley de los EE. UU.

Todo debía ser clasificado manualmente por un equipo de personal en constante crecimiento. De manera similar, se tenían que realizar búsquedas manuales detalladas cada vez que se buscaba una posible coincidencia.

En Costa Rica la toma de huellas dactilares es un requisito para todas aquellas personas que deban realizar procesos migratorios, del Ministerio de Seguridad Publica , así como también como medio para reseña de sospechosos en la policía judicial.

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