Delito de Usurpación Costa Rica
Código Penal
USURPACIONES
Usurpación
Artículo 225.-Usurpación
Se impondrá prisión de seis meses a cuatro años:
1) A quien por violencia, amenazas, engaño, abuso de confianza o clandestinidad despojare a otro, total o parcialmente, de la posesión o tenencia de un inmueble o del ejercicio de un derecho real constituido sobre él, sea que el despojo se produzca invadiendo el inmueble, manteniéndose en él o expulsando a los ocupantes.
2) A quien para apoderarse de todo un inmueble o parte de él, alterare los términos o límites.
3) A quien, con violencia o amenazas turbare la posesión o tenencia de un inmueble.
(Así reformado por el artículo 19 de la Ley de Protección a Víctimas, Testigos y demás intervinientes en el Proceso Penal N° 8720 de 4 de marzo de 2009.)
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Usurpación de aguas.
Artículo 226.-Se impondrá prisión de un mes a dos años y de diez a cien días multa al que, con propósito de lucro:
1) Desviare a su favor aguas públicas o privadas que no le corresponden o las tomare en mayor cantidad que aquella a que tenga derecho; y
2) El que de cualquier manera estorbare o impidiere el ejercicio de los derechos que un tercero tuviere sobre dichas aguas.
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Dominio Público.
Artículo 227.- Dominio público
Será sancionado con prisión de seis meses a cuatro años o con quince a cien días multa:
1) El que sin título de adquisición o sin derecho de poseer, detentare suelo o espacio correspondiente a calles, caminos, jardines, parques, paseos u otros lugares de dominio público, o terrenos baldíos o cualquier otra propiedad raíz del Estado o de las municipalidades.
2) El que, sin autorización legal, explotare un bosque nacional.
3) El que, sin título, explotare vetas, yacimientos, mantos y demás depósitos minerales.
4) El que haciendo uso de concesiones gratuitas otorgadas por la ley en bien de la agricultura, hubiere entrado en posesión de un terreno baldío, en virtud de denuncio y después de explotar el bosque respectivo, abandonare dicho denuncio.
(*)Si las usurpaciones previstas en este artículo se hubieren perpetrado en nombre o por instrucciones de una sociedad o compañía, la responsabilidad penal se atribuirá a su gerente o administrador, sin perjuicio de que la indemnización civil recaiga también sobre la sociedad o compañía.
(Así reformado por el artículo 19 de la Ley de Protección a Víctimas, Testigos y demás intervinientes en el Proceso Penal N° 8720 de 4 de marzo de 2009.)
(*)(Este párrafo, el cual también formaba parte del texto del artículo antes de la reforma efectuada por la ley N° 8720, fue Interpretado por resolución de la Sala Constitucional Nº 6361-93 de las 15:03 horas del 1º de diciembre de 1993, en el sentido de que éste en sí mismo no es inconstitucional, siempre que se interprete que para su aplicación a un caso concreto, el juzgador debe establecer si existe prueba suficiente que acredite la participación culpable del administrador o gerente de la sociedad o compañía con el hecho que se investiga, de forma que sólo en aquellos casos en que se encuentre una relación directa, personalmente reprochable a éste podrá acordarse su reprochabilidad penal.)
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