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Técnica de Interrogatorio Reid

Técnica de Interrogatorio Reid

 

En resumen
El método se basa en un conjunto de situaciones contrastantes que lleven a la «provocación de comportamientos», con los cuales se podrá manipular a la persona, es decir, realizar preguntas estructuradas y analizar la respuesta ofrecida -lo que técnicamente se denomina BAI, Behavior Analysis Interview -Entrevista de Análisis de Comportamiento-.

Paso 1 – Confrontación directa: Al individuo se le hace saber de forma directa o indirecta que existe evidencia suficiente como para incriminarlo (aunque esta no exista).
Paso 2 – Desarrollo: Este paso tiene la intención de contrastar con el primero, por lo que se pone al individuo en lugar de víctima, inventando o buscando excusas que lo alejen de la culpabilidad.
Paso 3 – Evitar que el individuo se excuse a si mismo. Este es uno de los pasos más importantes, ya que el evitar que la persona se justifique a si misma diciendo que es inocente o que no lo hizo evita que fortalezca su nivel mental de defensa.
Paso 4 – A esta altura la persona va a crear una justificación citando los motivos y razones por las que no cometió el crimen (o de lo que se le acuse). Generalmente cuando la persona crea un concepto secundario para explicar por qué no tenía el motivo de hacer lo que hizo significa que es culpable (ver en los enlaces relacionados la explicación en detalle).
Paso 5 – Mostrar sinceridad, la intención es crear un vínculo con el individuo mostrándole sinceridad y comprensión. El fin de este paso es aumentar el nivel de receptividad de la persona y disminuir sus defensas haciéndola creer que a pesar de la presión se la entiende y apoya.
Paso 6 – El individuo se tranquiliza y comienza a escuchar, el contraste de presión y apoyo en la entrevista hace que vea al entrevistador como una figura paternal. En el caso de los culpables es normal el llanto contenido a causa de la presión. Es importante darle alternativas en este paso ya que, en el caso de los culpables, el tener alternativas los abstrae de la situación que enfrentan y buscan «salirse de la manera fácil» aceptando el «mal mejor».
Paso 7 – Alternativas: en este punto se realiza una pregunta alternativa donde solo puede haber dos respuestas y en donde ambas se asume culpabilidad. La diferencia entre las respuestas es que una es socialmente más aceptable que la otra, haciendo a los culpables sentir que de esa manera su culpa se aminora. Un ejemplo simple podría ser ¿Lo haz hecho por motus propio o te han obligado?. Un inocente respondería que no o se enfadaría, pero la presión lleva al culpable a intentar justificarse nuevamente sin prestar atención a la doble intención de la pregunta.
Paso 8 – En este punto se lo deja hablar sobre lo ocurrido, se le piden opiniones e ideas. Es muy normal, si es que para esta altura ya no ha confesado en el paso 7, que la presión lo lleve a confesar al ver que se derrumba su coartada.
Paso 9 – La confesión

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